The financial crisis of 2008 underlined that the equity capital requirement for banks is a policy setting of fundamental importance. On 2 December 2025, the
Artificial intelligence is spreading quickly among European firms. Using new surveys from Germany, Italy, and Spain, this column shows that adoption rates of generative AI
Much of what we know about geopolitical risk is filtered through a narrow informational lens of global English-language media. This column constructs a geopolitical risk