The EU Recovery and Resilience Facility was launched to support post-Covid recovery while accelerating structural transformation through investment and reform. This column provides a preliminary
Global imbalances are back in the policy debate. The persistence of large current account deficits and surpluses is again being discussed alongside trade tensions, industrial
Climate-driven displacement is widely expected to push millions across international borders. Drawing on monthly bilateral flows for 127 developing-country origins, this column finds the reverse:
Europe has devoted substantial resources to fostering innovation and AI diffusion, through both centralised EU initiatives and national programmes. This column combines an experiment on
Central banks are rethinking reserve portfolios as geopolitical fragmentation raises concerns about the accessibility of foreign-held assets, while dollar-funding stress keeps the US dollar at
The rapid expansion of high-speed internet has intensified concerns about how digital technologies affect early childhood. Using the staggered rollout of fibre optic to the
The EU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility has become a central test case for performance-based fiscal policy. Its experience offers lessons for the design of the
How households behave in an environment with deposit rates below zero is important for monetary transmission, but the literature is scant. This column studies household
Housing affordability has moved to the forefront of Europe’s policy debate. Surveys, press reports, and protests across the EU suggest that housing is increasingly seen
The use of sanctions has grown steadily over the past seven decades, with well-documented effects on bilateral trade. This column analyses the effects of sanctions
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