Green debt has become a defining feature of sustainable finance, as firms and investors seek to align capital with climate…
Euro area insurers are among the largest institutional investors in the financial system. Managing several trillion euros in assets, their…
The global minimum tax represents the most ambitious international effort in decades to curb profit shifting to tax havens. But…
While globalisation has increased productivity and incomes around the world, extensively linked value chains have introduced new vulnerabilities (Baldwin et…
Textbook monetary economics views inflation as fundamentally driven by aggregate shocks, such as money supply or policy rates. This column…
Artificial intelligence differs from other technological advancements in finance, such as the initial adoption of computers and automatic trading systems.…
Industrial raw materials such as nickel, cobalt, and rare earths are critical inputs in countless production processes, including renewable energy,…
As European governments scale up investment, bond market stability is more critical than ever. This column shows that financial fragmentation…
Economists have long warned of the negative consequences of excessive US public debt (e.g. Friedman 1988). Yet the US government’s…
Financial distress affects roughly one in five adults in OECD countries (OECD 2024). It constrains access to credit, impairs labour…