The EU's fiscal rules in force since 2024 are often criticised for their complexity. The official implementation requires thousands of…
The EU Recovery and Resilience Facility was launched to support post-Covid recovery while accelerating structural transformation through investment and reform.…
Global imbalances are back in the policy debate. The persistence of large current account deficits and surpluses is again being…
Climate-driven displacement is widely expected to push millions across international borders. Drawing on monthly bilateral flows for 127 developing-country origins,…
Europe has devoted substantial resources to fostering innovation and AI diffusion, through both centralised EU initiatives and national programmes. This…
Central banks are rethinking reserve portfolios as geopolitical fragmentation raises concerns about the accessibility of foreign-held assets, while dollar-funding stress…
The rapid expansion of high-speed internet has intensified concerns about how digital technologies affect early childhood. Using the staggered rollout…
The EU’s Recovery and Resilience Facility has become a central test case for performance-based fiscal policy. Its experience offers lessons…
How households behave in an environment with deposit rates below zero is important for monetary transmission, but the literature is…
Housing affordability has moved to the forefront of Europe’s policy debate. Surveys, press reports, and protests across the EU suggest…