The European Central Bank’s work on a digital euro has increasingly been framed as a matter of monetary sovereignty. In…
Across the OECD, general government gross financial liabilities reached 111% of GDP at the end of 2024, almost 40 percentage…
Most of the major banking crises in modern economic history have been preceded by a U-shape in monetary policy rates,…
Since the rise of US–China trade tensions, there has been a growing debate on the impact of rising trade barriers…
Recently, uncertainty has been elevated due to trade tariff disputes, economic policy changes, and geopolitical risks. In the last few quarters,…
The financial crisis of 2008 underlined that the equity capital requirement for banks is a policy setting of fundamental importance. …
Artificial intelligence is spreading quickly among European firms. Using new surveys from Germany, Italy, and Spain, this column shows that…
Much of what we know about geopolitical risk is filtered through a narrow informational lens of global English-language media. This…
Recent years have brought a renewed, coordinated push to restrict abortion, from the US to Hungary and Poland. Earlier this…
Imagine being asked to build a school on a budget that barely buys a stack of bricks, but no cement,…