Mortality is one of the most salient consequences of climate change. Existing estimates have largely focused on the direct effects of local heat exposure. This
Development accounting is a simple tool with potentially powerful insights. It asks whether the measured differences in inputs between developing and developed countries can account
Tokenised finance has moved from the margins of crypto markets to the centre of the policy agenda. Central banks, regulators, and market participants are debating
Several countries are working to interlink their domestic fast payment systems in order to reduce costs and improve the speed and transparency of cross-border payments.
Direct evidence on the effects of financial sanctions remains limited. This column uses correspondent banking data to study how sanctions affect access to global payment
The 2025-26 US tariffs have renewed the question of how much of a tariff reaches consumers, and how quickly. This column traces tariffs through import,
What matters more for sovereign credit ratings – today’s debt or tomorrow’s deficits? This column explores how ratings weigh the two and finds that ratings
Innovation has increasingly become a team activity, while inventors have become more concentrated in large firms. This column argues that these trends are closely connected.
Populism may not only have contemporary but also long-term effects on the macroeconomy. Using data for advanced economies and emerging markets since 1960, this column
High public debt in several euro-area countries has renewed the debate over a central question: can fiscal pressures in one member state affect inflation expectations