As European policymakers revisit migration policy amidst rising political pressure and renewed arrivals across the Mediterranean, one of the most pressing questions is how to
How does trade affect the environment? This question lies at the heart of a growing policy debate, as governments seek to align ambitious environmental goals
The announcement of the “Liberation Day” tariffs by President Trump in April 2025 has triggered a broad discussion about the conditions under which import tariffs
Central banks worldwide are increasingly exploring the potential introduction of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs). As of 2024, a significant number — 134 countries representing
Governments are increasingly employing subsidies and other types of industrial policies in general (Hasanov and Cherif 2019, Juhász et al. 2023, Millot and Rawdanowicz 2024).
Investment funds are important players in global financial markets. This column examines their behaviour and interaction with other investors during stress periods on European sovereign
The transition from sail to steam power for cargo and passenger shipping to Australia lagged behind the North Atlantic by nearly two decades. This column
As geopolitical uncertainty rises, firms are increasingly factoring political alignment into their investment decisions. This column uses detailed global data on greenfield projects, mergers and
Population ageing makes it harder for governments to finance programmes like public pensions and long-term care. But policy responses, such as tightening programme eligibility and