As governments around the world combatted COVID-19, the US witnessed unprecedented levels of funding transfers from the federal government to state and local municipalities. This
From 1922 to 1923, over 1.2 million Greek Orthodox migrated from Anatolia to Greece. This column examines whether the human capital decisions of refugees differ
Sweeping US tariff increases in 2025 are upending global trade. This column draws on new data and simulations to show that, even with partial suspensions,
In the event of dysfunction in dollar funding markets, the Federal Reserve can supply liquidity through standing central bank swaps. This column considers a scenario
The fight against inflation has largely been won in the euro area, after a sharp but short-lived inflation episode over 2021-2023. This column argues that
Across the globe, women remain underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). This gender gap is particularly evident in technical and vocational education and
Floods are the costliest type of natural disaster in Europe, causing more than €12 billion in damages each year on average (European Environment Agency 2020,
In recent years, banks’ credit line exposure to ‘shadow banks’, or non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), has grown significantly faster than exposure to non-financial corporations. Between
Inclusive insurance solutions—from micro policies to femtech-driven products—are emerging to close the protection gap for women and build financial resilience for families. Women shoulder more