Poverty is not a static condition but a dynamic process, and measuring it as such reveals challenges that annual snapshots cannot capture (Giarda and Moroni
The rapid digitalisation of banking and the widespread use of social media are transforming competition for retail deposits. Using US branch-level data, this column shows
Governments around the world increasingly rely on capital taxation to raise revenue and reduce inequality. Temporary tax holidays on dividends, repatriated profits, or accumulated earnings
Debt sustainability analysis typically focuses on debt stocks and the interest rate-growth rate differential, but these are not perfect predictors of fiscal stress. This column
Despite major institutional reforms, the European Banking Union remains incomplete. Banking markets remain fragmented along national lines, which constrains Europe’s growth potential. This column uses
As digital, environmental, and demographic transformations reshape labour markets, skills influence who benefits from these changes and who falls behind. Lifelong learning therefore becomes a
European banking remains fragmented, leaving billions of euros inefficiently allocated. Reforms to establish a European deposit insurance system have been proposed to allow cross-border banking
The postwar international order is no longer functioning as its architects intended. Rules remain, but their authority has weakened. Institutions remain, but their capacity to
The dollar’s role as the world’s reserve currency has been blamed for an overvalued exchange rate that hollows out US manufacturing. This column quantifies what
Occupational licensing has become an increasingly important topic in labour market policy. Governments across advanced economies are debating whether licensing requirements unnecessarily restrict entry into