Biodiversity conservation is vital for sustainable development, poverty alleviation, and a livable planet. It sustains ecosystems that support human livelihoods, particularly in developing nations, by providing essential resources like food, clean water, and climate stability. Healthy ecosystems are crucial for agriculture, fishing, and forestry, which reduce poverty and foster sustainable economic growth. Additionally, biodiversity fuels industries […]
Fiscal positions in small states, those with a population of 1.5 million or less, have deteriorated significantly over the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent global shocks have worsened fiscal and debt positions in small states, intensifying their existing fiscal vulnerabilities. Forty percent (14) of the 35 emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) that […]
Natural resource dependence presents significant macroeconomic and structural challenges, often referred to as the “resource curse.” While much of the literature has focused on the export side, particularly the Dutch disease—where resource booms lead to a loss of competitiveness in other sectors—less attention has been paid to the import side. Yet, the economic significance of imports […]