Governments often provide capital and other direct funding to banks and nonfinancial firms during economic crises. Government recapitalisation of banks was used in most of
The European Commission’s Autumn 2025 forecast points to a subdued but positive growth outlook for all euro area member states over 2025 to 2027, supported
Emerging markets have long been highly exposed to swings in global risk sentiment. During periods of heightened risk aversion – so-called ‘risk-off’ episodes (Caballero and
Many economies index their minimum wage to inflation to preserve its real value during inflationary periods. This column shows, however, that the timing and predictability
Concerns about declining student achievements have become central in education debates, with teacher quality drawing attention as a key driver. This column examines how wages
The EU aims to finance common priorities in defence, energy transition, and digital infrastructure with supranational EU bonds. This column argues that the current exclusion
Over the past year, developing countries have experienced important changes in their tariff treatment by the world’s two largest economies – the US and China.
European policymakers are debating using immobilised assets of the Central Bank of Russia held at Euroclear to finance a ‘reparation loan’ for Ukraine. This column