Debates over minimum wages have intensified in recent years (Roth et al. 2022) as policymakers seek tools to reduce inequality…
Accurately assessing inflation pressures remains a central challenge for monetary policy. Inflation movements arise from heterogeneous forces operating at different…
Effective tariff index comparisons are spotlighted in media reports on trade wars and trade talks. This column argues that the…
The European Central Bank’s work on a digital euro has increasingly been framed as a matter of monetary sovereignty. In…
Across the OECD, general government gross financial liabilities reached 111% of GDP at the end of 2024, almost 40 percentage…
Most of the major banking crises in modern economic history have been preceded by a U-shape in monetary policy rates,…
Since the rise of US–China trade tensions, there has been a growing debate on the impact of rising trade barriers…
Recently, uncertainty has been elevated due to trade tariff disputes, economic policy changes, and geopolitical risks. In the last few quarters,…
The financial crisis of 2008 underlined that the equity capital requirement for banks is a policy setting of fundamental importance. …
Artificial intelligence is spreading quickly among European firms. Using new surveys from Germany, Italy, and Spain, this column shows that…