Existing evidence indicates that foreign direct investment promotes growth only when host economies have the human capital and deep financial markets to absorb spillovers. This
The EU’s digital economy relies on investments by the telecoms industry to keep the bloc at the forefront of digital innovation and connectivity. However, the
The US dollar is typically regarded as a safe-haven currency, but its status has been increasingly questioned following its depreciation after “Liberation Day” (Kamin 2025).
Over the past decade, sustainable and ESG investing has grown rapidly. This expansion has been accompanied by increasing concerns about greenwashing: the practice of overstating
The long‑running debate on the income–democracy nexus contrasts two opposing views on the direction of causality. According to the modernisation view (Lipset 1959), higher levels of economic
The debate about the economic consequences of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has focused on supply-side concerns such as soaring energy prices and severed supply chains.
The era of ‘hyperglobalisation’ that defined world trade in the early 21st century has given way to a more fractured trade policy landscape (Gros 2017),
Banks have long relied upon cutting-edge technologies to deliver products and improve efficiency, but there is limited evidence on the impact of fast internet on
It is well established that individuals with higher socioeconomic status (SES) live longer than those with lower SES, and that these gaps have widened in