Economy
Budgetary planning in the euro area involves a codified interaction between national governments and the European Commission where economic and fiscal forecasts play a crucial
December 31, 2025
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Article & News
Author: GECMagz
International Trade
Understanding how foreign shocks affect economies has become a policy priority. Using domestic firm-to-firm transaction data matched with customs records, this column shows that Italy’s
December 29, 2025
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Health
As the US and EU push forward with drug-pricing reforms, the topic has moved to the centre of political debate. This column shows how national
December 29, 2025
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CLimate Change
Green debt has become a defining feature of sustainable finance, as firms and investors seek to align capital with climate goals. This column documents the
December 29, 2025
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Finance
Euro area insurers are among the largest institutional investors in the financial system. Managing several trillion euros in assets, their total assets amount to about
December 29, 2025
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Banking
The global minimum tax represents the most ambitious international effort in decades to curb profit shifting to tax havens. But how much profit shifting actually
December 22, 2025
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Economy
While globalisation has increased productivity and incomes around the world, extensively linked value chains have introduced new vulnerabilities (Baldwin et al. 2023). ‘Geoeconomics’ — in
December 22, 2025
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Economy
Textbook monetary economics views inflation as fundamentally driven by aggregate shocks, such as money supply or policy rates. This column presents empirical evidence that inflation
December 22, 2025
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Banking
Artificial intelligence differs from other technological advancements in finance, such as the initial adoption of computers and automatic trading systems. As Norvig and Russell (2021)
December 18, 2025
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International Trade
Industrial raw materials such as nickel, cobalt, and rare earths are critical inputs in countless production processes, including renewable energy, lithium batteries, and permanent magnets.
December 18, 2025
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