In recent years, banks’ credit line exposure to ‘shadow banks’, or non-bank financial institutions (NBFIs), has grown significantly faster than exposure to non-financial corporations. Between
Inclusive insurance solutions—from micro policies to femtech-driven products—are emerging to close the protection gap for women and build financial resilience for families. Women shoulder more
Information frictions in financial markets are key to understanding episodes with macroeconomic consequences—particularly in emerging market economies (EMEs), where such frictions are more pronounced. These
Despite billions spent on education, healthcare, and infrastructure, why do so many countries struggle to achieve meaningful development outcomes? Is it a matter of spending
Carbon pricing has become a central tool in Europe’s strategy to mitigate climate change. This column presents new evidence on the impact of carbon pricing
The transition to clean energy will require a significant reallocation of technological investments away from fossil energy sources towards cleaner alternatives. This column investigates whether
Extractive taxation is considered one of the main causes of the French Revolution. This column exploits regional variations in the French salt tax, which accounted
With the prospect of far-reaching decoupling of goods trade between China and the US, fears of deflection of Chinese exports to third markets have returned.