Attempts to phase out coal have faltered amid fears that the transition to renewable energy would be too costly. By comparing the present value of avoided emissions with the present costs of replacing coal with renewable energy, this column estimates that the world can realise a net gain of $77.89 trillion by shifting to renewable […]

The energy transition will require large quantities of the critical raw materials mined and processed in countries that are geopolitically distant from the EU. This column documents the ownership interests in extractive companies, information essential for accurately assessing the EU’s strategic dependencies. Investors from outside the EU control a significant share of the capital of […]

Envision a large-scale wind farm producing clean electricity at full tilt. At the same time, a growing city with consumers and industries is eager to power their computers and machinery. Sounds ideal. But what if this power cannot be readily transmitted from the wind turbines to all who need it? Households, businesses, and entire economies […]