A common view is that fiscal policy operates not only through direct demand effects, but also by boosting business optimism and therefore investment. This column
In recent decades, many developing countries – particularly in East Asia during the 1990s era of ‘hyper-globalisation’ – experienced unprecedented growth that economists have credited
A central challenge for ageing Western societies is securing sustainable financing for long-term care (Araki et al. 2024). This is especially salient in the US,
FinTech has transformed finance, but the broader effects of digital payments on consumers, businesses, and banks remain underexplored. This column examines the impact of Singapore’s
Budgetary planning in the euro area involves a codified interaction between national governments and the European Commission where economic and fiscal forecasts play a crucial
Understanding how foreign shocks affect economies has become a policy priority. Using domestic firm-to-firm transaction data matched with customs records, this column shows that Italy’s