Sweden chose to stay outside the monetary union at its launch in 1999, following the recommendation of the government’s EMU…
As advanced economies age, firms increasingly rely on younger immigrants for physically demanding, entry-level jobs. This column presents evidence from…
China is undergoing a sharp demographic transition: rapid population ageing, a shrinking labour force, persistently low fertility, and continued urbanisation.…
The 2024 reform of the EU's Stability and Growth Pact introduced medium-term expenditure paths as the centrepiece of a new,…
There are concerns that the widespread adoption of central bank digital currencies could drain bank deposits and weaken banks’ ability…
The G20 is approaching a turning point. Established in the aftermath of financial crises as a forum for macroeconomic coordination,…
Innovation is widely viewed as the engine of economic growth. But not all innovations play the same role. Economists often…
The composition of international reserves is in a constant state of flux. This column identifies some surprising recent trends, including…
A central problem for every firm is to ensure that workers provide effort, especially when that effort is hard to…
In a cost-of-living shock, households must cope with lower purchasing power while also substituting away from goods whose prices have…