While artificial intelligence offers substantial benefits to society, including accelerated scientific progress, improved economic growth, better decision making and risk management and enhanced healthcare, it
The rapid growth of cryptocurrency markets has created new challenges for financial regulators and policymakers. With total crypto capitalisation in excess of $3 trillion, understanding
The Trump administration’s sweeping tariff measures are intended to increase the competitiveness of US firms – especially in high-tech sectors – and reduce US trade
EU member states are facing an important multi-year period of increased defence spending. 1 To boost defence capability, NATO allies have committed to a significant increase
Macroeconomic forecasters have long struggled to accurately pinpoint the timing of future recessions. In response, an alternative approach using probabilistic models has gained traction. However,
Global services trade – as the future of global trade – is expanding rapidly (Baldwin et al. 2024, Cernat 2024, Francois and Hoekman 2010). Many
Governments often provide capital and other direct funding to banks and nonfinancial firms during economic crises. Government recapitalisation of banks was used in most of
The European Commission’s Autumn 2025 forecast points to a subdued but positive growth outlook for all euro area member states over 2025 to 2027, supported
The debate over whether US members of Congress should be allowed to trade individual stocks has moved from a niche ethics topic to a mainstream
Emerging markets have long been highly exposed to swings in global risk sentiment. During periods of heightened risk aversion – so-called ‘risk-off’ episodes (Caballero and
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