By 2050, one in three of the world’s children will live in Africa. Yet this demographic shift coincides with a profound learning crisis: over 70 percent
Recent tariff increases have sparked a debate over whether trade protectionism can effectively attract foreign investment. This column analyses how firms adjust their investment strategies
China’s industrial policy has become a central flashpoint in global trade debates, yet systematic evidence on what China actually does remains scarce. This column reveals
Financial globalisation has been a central feature of the world economy since the mid 1990s, leading to large holdings of cross-border assets and liabilities (Milesi-Ferretti
Several central banks, including the European Central Bank (ECB), are pursuing plans to potentially introduce a central bank digital currency (CBDC) alongside physical money. Such
History provides examples of large changes in the relative economic size of nations. Often these economic realignments coincide with heightened geopolitical tension. A historical example
Globalisation has been one of the key economic forces of the past half-century. It is credited with lifting millions of people worldwide out of poverty.
There is intense debate over the origins and implications of rising market power and declining business dynamism across developed economies. This column argues that a
Each financial crisis brings more financial supervision, more models and larger buffers – but still fragility persists. The paradox of perfect supervision is that the
The recent high-inflation episode generated renewed interest among monetary policymakers and academics about the slope of the Phillips curve and potential non-linearities in price-setting behaviour